How to Make Ice Spikes in Your Freezer

Ice spikes are tubes or spikes of ice that shoot up or off at an angle from a container of frozen water, such as a bird bath or bucket in the winter. The spikes resemble an inverted icicle. Ice spikes form rarely in nature, but you can make them in your own freezer quite simply and reliably. Heres what you do. Key Takeaways: Ice Spikes Ice spikes are rare natural formations that are produced when water freezes at just the right rate to push ice formation above the water surface.The spikes are most likely to form in pure water, such as water purified by distillation or reverse osmosis.Ice spikes reliably form in ice cube trays in freezers. While not every ice cube will form a spike, each tray should contain at least one or two. Ice Spike Materials All you need is water, an ice cube tray, and a freezer: Distilled waterIce cube trayFrost-free freezer (ordinary home freezer) Its important to use distilled or reverse osmosis purified water. Ordinary tap water or mineral water contain dissolved substances that may prevent the water from forming spikes or reduce the number of spikes that are formed. You can substitute a bowl or cup for the ice cube tray. Plastic ice cube trays are nice because they contain several small compartments, meaning you have a quick freeze time and several chances for spikes. Plastic ice cube trays are preferred for this project, but its unknown whether its the tray material or the size of the cubes that improve the effect. Make Ice Spikes Its easy! Simply pour the distilled water into the ice cube tray, set the tray in your freezer, and wait. You can expect about half of the ice cubes to contain ice spikes. An ordinary ice cube tray freezes in about 1-1/2 to 2 hours. The spikes degrade and soften over time since most home freezers are frost-free and will blow warmer air over the spikes. How It Works Pure water supercools, which means it remains liquid past the ordinary freezing point. When it starts to freeze at this lower temperature, it solidifies very rapidly. The freezing process starts at the edges of the container because the nicks, scratches, and imperfections allow for nucleation of the ice crystals. Freezing continues until there is only a hole near the middle of the container, which contains liquid water. Ice is less dense than liquid water, so some of the crystals float to the top and are pushed out, forming a spike. The spike grows until the water is frozen. There are two reasons why ordinary tap water or mineral water are less likely to form ice spikes. The first reason is that this water tends to freeze at its regular freezing point. This is a much slower process than freezing from the supercooled state, so solidification is more likely to be homogeneous or occur throughout the ice cube all at once. If there isnt a hole in the ice, the ice spike cant grow. The other reason is that contaminants or impurities in the water become concentrated in the liquid as the water freezes. Researchers believe solids become concentrated at the growing tip of an ice spike and inhibit further growth. Ice Spikes in Nature Ice spikes are relatively common in ice trays in home freezers. However, the phenomenon is uncommon in nature. Sometimes ice spikes are seen in frozen bird baths or pet water dishes. In these containers, water freezes relatively quickly, just like in a freezer. However, ice spikes also occur (rarely) in large bodies of water, such as lakes or ponds. Ice spikes have been observed on Lake Baikal in Russia. In 1963, Canadian Gene Heuser reported ice spikes on Lake Erie. Heusers spikes were extremely large, measuring 5-feet in height and resembling telephone poles on the lake. Most natural spikes resemble inverted icicles. However, inverted pyramids sometimes occur. Other shapes are ice candles, ice vases, and ice towers. Spikes are usually a few inches long, but structures several feet high sometimes form. Ice spikes formation, Lake Baikal, Siberia, Russia. Olga Kamenskaya/Nature Picture Library / Getty Images Sources Burt, Stephen (March 2008). Ice candle. Weather. 63 (3): 84. doi:10.1002/wea.212Hallet, J. (1959). Crystal growth and the formation of spikes in the surface of supercooled water. Journal of Glaciology. 103 (28): 698–704.Lederer, Samuel.  The Effect of Chemical Additives on Ice-Spike Formation. Caltech.

The Ethical Issue Of Abortion - 2254 Words

Abortion is the intended termination of a human pregnancy which is commonly done within the initial 28 weeks of pregnancy. It is the slaughtering of developing lives or babies amid a woman’s pregnancy. They come with a myriad of different procedures according to how far along the pregnancy is. This ethical issue is a subject all over the world and there are arguments for whether or not it goes against all morals. Premature birth has been and most likely will always be a controversial topic considering it has been around for a considerable amount of years. Just like any topic, in order to know what abortion is is to completely comprehend the facts. There are many reasons why a woman may or may not undergo the procedure. With this said, it is not ethical to have an abortion except for if, and only if, a woman has undergone being a victim of rape. The issue of abortion is a very known thing and is an â€Å"issue† because it is the reason hundreds of thousands of people have not been born in the world. It has affected so many people and many individuals know of someone whether a companion, relative or other, who has experienced premature birth. The United States actually prohibited abortion back in 1860 except for to preserve the life of the mother (Farrell Slide 22). There are many reasons why a woman would approve or contemplate abortion and they might even seem justifiable. Those reasons being that of the right over a woman’s own body, unwanted or deformed children, the motherShow MoreRelatedThe Ethical Issues Of Abortion1024 Words   |  5 Pagesnumerous ethical issues that can develop in labor and delivery whether this issue influences the mother, baby, or both. In healthcare, it is an obligation for the provider to give ideal care, treatment, and prevent harm to patients while making ethical choices. Here a nd there, these choices aren t highly contrasting and providers must outweigh benefits versus harm in order to give the best care possible for mother and baby. One case of an ethical issues that emerges in obstetrics is late abortion inRead MoreThe Ethical Issue Of Abortion Essay1857 Words   |  8 PagesThe meaning of the word ethical is related to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these. And an ethical issue is â€Å"a problem or situation that requires a person or organization to choose between alternatives that must be evaluated as right (ethical) or wrong (unethical).† And abortion is an ethical issue. 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Birth Control Theory Essay - 1220 Words

In 1798, Thomas Malthus started the slow trend toward socially acceptable birth control practices in Great Britain, when he published his book, An Essay on the Principle of Population. Malthus studied the birth rates of animals and found that creatures tend to have more offspring than they can raise. He argued that the control of national birth rates inevitably improved living conditions for city dwellers. Malthus felt that celibacy and controlling the number of children families produced were the best methods to lower national birth rates. In the Nineteenth Century British suffragists started discussing the use of birth control in the planning of motherhood. Early suffragists recommended that women either abstain from sex or use the†¦show more content†¦The Scientific Revolution of the Seventeenth Century and the Enlightenment of the Eighteenth Century encouraged the belief that women belonged in the home. Male scientists argued that men and women differed both anatomic ally and mentally. Scientists felt that women were the physically weaker of the sexes which caused ladies to be mentally immature, irrational, and lack modesty. The early Nineteenth Century British female philosopher, Mary Wollstonecraft argued that women had the ability to reason and needed to be educated in order to become accomplished mothers and wives. Her 1792 book, Vindication of the Rights of Women, reinforced the place of women in the private sphere. The private sphere discouraged women from using birth control methods to prevent motherhood. During the First World War, women took on roles in society that were once solely occupied by men. Prior to 1918 women could not vote. After years of Struggle, in 1918 women gained the right to vote. In First World War women took on traditional masculine roles like working in heavy industry. The untraditional responsibilities women acquired during the war changed the way women responded to the concept of family. After the war, women needed to assume new roles outside of motherhood to compensate for men that did not return from battle. Dr. Marie Stopes was a scientist in the early Twentieth Century. She argued in her book, Birth Control and Other Writings, Volume 1, that men and women would beShow MoreRelatedReverend Thomas, Robert Malthus969 Words   |  4 Pageswas a political/classical economist born in the late 1760’s. He studied at several different schools in the areas of mathematics, literature, and arts. Malthus was married in the early 1800’s and had three chi ldren. Malthus is most famous for his theories on population growth and how he proposed we go about controlling it. He later died in the 1830’s at the age of 68. Childhood and Education Thomas Malthus, more commonly called Robert, was born near Guildford, Surrey, England. 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My Dream Organization free essay sample

When I read about the institution the one person who inspired me was Mr. A. who was the first chairman of this great institution, the history of  work structure of ICICI is as follows: ICICI established in 1955, incorporated at the initiative of the World Bank, the Government of India and representatives of Indian industry, with the objective of creating a development financial institution for providing medium-term and long-term project financing to Indian businesses. It emerges as the major source of foreign currency loans to Indian industry. Besides funding from the World Bank and other multi-lateral agencies, ICICI was also among the first Indian companies to raise funds from international markets. ICICI Group offers a wide range of banking products and financial services to corporate and retail customers through a variety of delivery channels and through its specialized group companies, subsidiaries and affiliates in the areas of personal banking, investment banking, life and general insurance, venture capital and asset management. With a strong customer focus, the ICICI Group Companies have maintained and enhanced their leadership position in their respective sectors. It is the largest private sector life insurance company offering a comprehensive suite of life, health and pensions products. It is also the pioneer in launching innovative health care products like Diabetes Care Active and health Saver. The company operates on a multi-channel platform and has distribution strength of over 2,76,000 financial advisors operating from more than 2000 branches spread across 1800 locations across the country. In addition to the agency force, it also has tie-ups with various banks, corporate agents and brokers. In fiscal 2009, ICICI Prudential attained a market share of 10. 9% based on retail weighted premium and garnered a total premium of Rs 153. 56 billion registering a growth of 13% and held assets of Rs. 327. 88 billion as on March 31, 2009. ICICI Lombard General Insurance Company, a joint venture with the Canada based Fairfax Financial Holdings, is the largest private sector general insurance company. It has a comprehensive product portfolio catering to all corporate and retail insurance needs and is present in over 300 locations across the country. ICICI Lombard General Insurance has achieved a market share of 27. 2% among private sector general insurance companies and an overall market share of 11. 2% during fiscal 2009. The gross return premium grew by 2. 2% from Rs. 33. 45 billion in fiscal 2008 to 34. 20 billion in fiscal 2009. ICICI Securities Ltd  is the largest equity house in the country providing end-to-end solutions (including web-based services) through the largest non-banking distribution channel so as to fulfill all the diverse needs of retail and corporate customers. ICICI Securities (I-Sec) has a dominant position in its core segments of its operations Corporate Finance including Equity Capital Markets Advisory Services, Institutional Equities, Retail and Financial Product Distribution. ICICI Securities Primary Dealership  Limited is the largest Primary Dealer in Government Securities. It is an acknowledged leader in the Indian fixed income and money markets, with a strong franchise across the spectrum of interest rate products and services institutional sales and trading, resource mobilization, portfolio management services and research. One of the first entities to be granted Primary Dealership license by RBI, I-Sec PD has made pioneering contributions since inception to debt market development in India. I-Sec PD is also credited with pioneering debt market research in India. I-Sec PD has been recognized as the Best Domestic Bond House in India by Asia money every year from 2002 to 2007 and selected as Best Bond House by Financeasia. com for the years 2001, 2004 to 2007 and 2009. ICICI Prudential Asset Management  is the third largest mutual fund with average asset under management of Rs. 514. 33 billion and a market share of 10. 43% as on March 31, 2009. The Company manages a comprehensive range of mutual fund schemes and portfolio management services to meet the varying investment needs of its investor’s through162 branches and 185 CAMS official point of transaction acceptance spread across the country. ICICI Venture  is one of the largest and most successful private equity firms in India with funds under management in excess of USD 2 billion. ICICI Venture, over the years has built an enviable portfolio of companies across sectors including Life Sciences, Information Technology, Media, Manufacturing, Retail, Financial Services, and Real Estate thereby building sustainable value. It has several â€Å"firsts† to its credit in the Indian Private Equity industry. Amongst them are India’s first leveraged buyout (Info media), the first real estate investment (Cyber Gateway), the first mezzanine financing for a acquisition (Arch Pharmalabs), the first ‘royalty-based’ structured deal in Pharma Research amp; Development (Dr Reddy’s Laboratories JV) and the first fund level secondary transaction (Collar Capital). ICICI has a great impact in India both monetary and globally. With deep roots in the Indian economy for over five decades, the ICICI Group is Indias fastest growing financial services conglomerate. Its rapid growth, particularly in the last decade, has been accompanied by a long-term commitment to enhancing the economic, social as well as human development outcomes through a variety of initiatives for the weaker sections of society. Its work in the area of development is focused on facilitating wider participation by Indias poorer communities in social and economic processes.